Ukusetshenziswa kabusha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwamapulasitiki
Ukusebenziseka Kabusha Kwepulasitiki: Inzuzo Echazayo Yezemvelo:
Itshe legumbi lokuphakama kwepulasitiki kwemvelo kusekusetshenzisweni kwayo okungokwemvelo. Ikhono lepulasitiki lokungena emijikelezweni eminingi yokugaywa kabusha, ukunciphisa isidingo sezinto ezintsha zokusetshenziswa, kuyisici esibalulekile ekuhloleni umthelela wayo kwezemvelo. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ukugaywa kabusha kwamapulasitiki e-United States kubone ukukhula okuqhubekayo kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kwafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezi-3.0 ngo-2018, ngenani lokuphinda lisetshenziswe kabusha lika-8.7%. Le datha igcizelela amandla okuthi ipulasitiki ibambe iqhaza kakhulu emnothweni oyindilinga, lapho izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziphinde zisetshenziswe, kwehliswe imfucuza futhi kuncishiswe ubunzima bemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha, njengokugaywa kabusha kwamakhemikhali nezindlela ezintsha zokuhlela, zibonisa imizamo eqhubekayo yokuthuthukisa ukugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki. Lezi zinyathelo zobuchwepheshe zibalulekile ekubhekaneni nezinselele ezihlobene nokungcoliswa kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwepulasitiki phakathi nenqubo yokugaywa kabusha, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ipulasitiki igcina inzuzo yayo yemvelo.
Izindleko Zokukhiqiza Eziqhathaniswa Nezemvelo:
Ukuhlola izindleko zemvelo zokukhiqiza kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe kabanzi ukusimama kwezinto. Nakuba kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukukhathazeka mayelana nomthelela wemvelo wokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, ukukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki kubiza izindleko eziphansi zemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvunwa nokucubungula izinkuni.
Ucwaningo olufana ne-"Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Plastic and Wood" (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016) lugqamisa ukuthi umthelela wemvelo wemikhiqizo yokhuni uvamise ukudlula lowo wepulasitiki uma kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela isidingo sokuhlola okunezingxenye ezihlukene ezicabangela wonke umjikelezo wokuphila wezinto ezibonakalayo, kugcizelela nakakhulu ukuzwakala kwepulasitiki kwemvelo.
Ukuphila Isikhathi Eside, Ukuqina, kanye Nomnotho Oyindilinga:
Izinzuzo zemvelo zepulasitiki zidlulela ngale kokuphinda zisetshenziswe kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Ukuphila isikhathi eside nokuqina kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki kunomthelela omkhulu ekwehliseni umthelela wemvelo jikelele. Ngokombiko we-World Economic Forum on "The New Plastics Economy," ukuklama imikhiqizo yepulasitiki ukuze ihlale isikhathi eside futhi isetshenziswe isikhathi eside kunganciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokushintshwa, okubangele ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nokumoshakala. Lokhu kuhambisana nemigomo yomnotho oyindilinga, ipharadigm egcizelela ukwelulwa kwemijikelezo yempilo yomkhiqizo kanye nokunciphisa ukuqedwa kwezinsiza ezinomkhawulo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwepulasitiki ekugayweni kabusha kanye nokwenziwa kabusha kwezinhlelo kuyibeka njengengxenye ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni umnotho oyindilinga. Umbiko ugcizelela ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwamazinga okugaywa kabusha kanye nokuhlanganisa okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha emikhiqizweni yepulasitiki kungaba negalelo elikhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhula komnotho kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinsiza, okuwumgomo obalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okuzinzile.
Isiphetho:
Sengiphetha, ukugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki, okusekelwa idatha yobufakazi kanye nentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha, kumi njengenzuzo echazayo yemvelo. Ngokuhambisana nokuqonda okucashile kokuqhathaniswa kwezindleko zemvelo zokukhiqiza kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, lokhu kuhlaziya kunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokuqaphela ipulasitiki njengento esimeme kakhulu lapho ikalwa ngokhuni. Njengoba umphakathi uzulazula ekukhetheni izinto ezibonakalayo ezihambisana nokuphathwa kwemvelo, ukuvuma izici eziningi zokusimama kwepulasitiki kubaluleka ekwenzeni izinqumo unolwazi kanye nezinjongo ezithuthukisiwe zemvelo.